Tests starting with the letter B
Laboratory Test Guide: Tests Beginning with the Letter "B"
A complete list of all tests beginning with the letter "B" performed at Egemed Hospitals’ Medical Laboratories is provided below. To help our patients understand these tests in advance, a brief medical description of each test group and its intended laboratory use are clearly indicated.
Biochemistry, Hormone, and Metabolism Tests
COPPER Liver
COPPER Serum
Description: This test measures copper—an essential trace element for bodily functions—in the blood and tissues.
Purpose: It is used in the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease—which is characterized by the accumulation of toxic levels of copper in the body—and other copper metabolism disorders.
BETA-2 MICROGLOBULIN (Urine)
BETA-2 MICROGLOBULIN (Serum)
Description: The level of a specific protein found on the surface of all nucleated cells in the blood or urine.
Purpose: This test is ordered to detect kidney dysfunction at an early stage and to monitor the progression of blood cancers such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
BETA-2 TRANSFERRIN
Description: It is a very specific form of protein found only in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and intraocular fluid in the body.
Purpose: To definitively determine whether a suspicious discharge from the nose or ear following a head injury is a "cerebrospinal fluid leak."
BETA-CROSSLAPS (Beta-CTx)
Description: A specific collagen fragment that enters the bloodstream during the natural breakdown process of bone tissue.
Purpose: To measure the rate of osteoporosis (bone loss) and to monitor whether the patient is responding to the prescribed bone-protecting treatments.
Beta hCG
Description: This hormone is rapidly produced by the placenta and enters the bloodstream at the onset of pregnancy.
Purpose: This procedure is performed to diagnose pregnancy, monitor ectopic pregnancies, and screen for tumors of the reproductive system (testes/ovaries) in both males and females.
BICARBONATE (HCO3)
Description: It is an essential electrolyte regulated by the kidneys that is responsible for maintaining the blood's acid-base balance (pH).
Purpose: To evaluate cases of respiratory failure, severe diarrhea, kidney disease, and metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.
BIOTINIDASE ACTIVITY (Screening)
Description: This test measures the biotinidase enzyme, which enables the body to reuse vitamin B7 (biotin).
Purpose: To enable the early detection of a genetic enzyme deficiency that can lead to permanent neurological damage and hearing or vision loss in newborns.
Immunology, Serology, and Allergy Tests
COMPONENTS OF HONEYBEE VENOM IgE
Description: This test detects the allergic (IgE) antibodies produced by the body in response to specific molecular proteins found in honeybee venom.
Purpose: To determine the risk of a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction to bee stings and to assess the patient’s suitability for immunotherapy.
Borrelia burgdorferi Antibody (IgM, IgG)
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IgG, ELISA
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IgG, Western blot
BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IgM, Western blot
Borrelia burgdorferi Western blot (IgM, IgG)
Description: This test detects antibodies produced by the immune system in response to a bacterial pathogen transmitted to humans through a tick bite (using screening and confirmatory methods).
Objective: To establish a definitive diagnosis of Lyme disease, which is characterized by joint pain and neurological symptoms, and to determine the stage of the infection.
Brucella Anti-Human Globulin
BRUCELLA IgM, 2-ME
Brucella Screening (Rose-Bengal)
Brucella Wright
Description: These are detailed serological tests to assess the immune response to the Brucella bacterium, which is transmitted to humans through unpasteurized milk and dairy products.
Objective: To determine whether the infection known in the general public as "Cheese Disease" or "Malta Fever" is acute or chronic.
WHEAT (F4) CLIA
Description: This is a sensitive assay for specific IgE antibodies in the blood that develop in response to proteins in wheat flour.
Purpose: Used to detect food allergies and to differentiate between wheat intolerance and celiac disease.
Microbiology and Culture Tests
Bacillus Anthracis Culture
Description: This involves the cultivation of the high-risk bacterium that causes anthrax under special isolation conditions in a laboratory setting.
Purpose: To diagnose suspicious skin lesions, respiratory symptoms in people involved in animal husbandry, and anthrax.
Sputum Culture
Description: It involves inoculating culture media with secretions from the lower respiratory tract (lungs) that are coughed up.
Objective: To identify the causative agent of infection in cases of pneumonia and acute bronchitis and to select the appropriate antibiotic.
Culture of the Bosphorus
Description: Microbiological culture of a sample collected from the tonsils and pharynx (throat) mucosa using a sterile cotton swab.
Purpose: To detect the "beta" bacterium (streptococcus) and other bacteria that can cause acute rheumatic fever, particularly in children.
BOS Culture
Description: Emergency laboratory culture of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained via lumbar puncture.
Purpose: For the diagnosis of central nervous system infections, such as meningitis and encephalitis, which can be fatal.
Painted Direct Bakı
Unpainted Direct Bakı
Definition: The examination of body fluids or swab samples obtained from a patient under a microscope, either using special laboratory stains (such as Gram staining) or without staining.
Purpose: Without waiting for culture results (days), it enables the detection of bacteria, fungi, or parasites within minutes, allowing the physician to begin emergency treatment immediately.
Nasal Swab Culture
Description: This is the microbiological culture of cell samples collected from the nasal mucosa.
Objective: To screen for carriage of "Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus" (MRSA), which is highly dangerous in hospital-acquired infections, and to identify upper respiratory tract pathogens.
Genetics, Prenatal Screening, and Molecular Testing
FIRST-TRIMESTER SCREENING TEST (Dual Test)
Description: This is a test performed between the 11th and 14th weeks of pregnancy that combines measurements of the beta-hCG and PAPP-A hormones in the mother’s blood with an ultrasound measurement (nuchal translucency).
Purpose: To enable the detection of risks of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) or Trisomy 18, in the fetus at the earliest stage.
B Lymphoproliferative Disease Panel
Description: This comprehensive panel examines abnormal proliferation in B lymphocytes—a type of immune cell—using flow cytometry and advanced molecular genetic methods.
Purpose: To confirm the diagnosis of leukemia (blood cancer) and lymphoma, determine the specific subtype of the disease, and plan targeted chemotherapy and biological therapies.