Tests that start with the letter T
Laboratory Test Guide: Tests Beginning with the Letter "T"
A complete list of all tests beginning with the letter "T" performed at Egemed Hospitals’ Medical Laboratories is provided below. To help our patients understand these tests in advance, a brief medical description of each analysis and its intended laboratory use are clearly stated.
Biochemistry, Endocrinology, and Cardiology Tests
ROCK ANALYSIS
Description: This is the determination, in a laboratory setting, of the chemical composition (calcium oxalate, uric acid, etc.) of a stone that has been passed from the kidney, ureter, or bladder, or that has been surgically removed.
Objective: To determine why the patient develops kidney stones and to identify dietary and medical treatments that will prevent the formation of new stones.
Thyroglobulin (TG)
Description: This is the blood level of the essential protein produced exclusively by thyroid gland cells and used in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Purpose: It is the most critical tumor marker for monitoring whether the cancer has recurred (returned), particularly in patients who have undergone thyroid cancer surgery.
TOTAL LIPIDS (Calculation)
Explanation: It is the calculation of the total sum of all fatty acids circulating in the blood (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, etc.) using a formula.
Purpose: To provide a summary of the patient’s overall lipid metabolism status and risk of cardiovascular disease.
Total T3
Description: This is the total amount of the hormone triiodothyronine (T3), which is produced by the thyroid gland and circulates in the blood both bound to proteins and in a free form.
Purpose: Used to diagnose toxic goiter (hyperthyroidism) and to assess thyroid function.
Total T4
Description: This is the total level of the hormone thyroxine (T4)—which regulates the body’s metabolism—including the form bound to proteins in the blood.
Purpose: To detect conditions in which the thyroid gland is underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism).
Total Testosterone
Description: This is the total amount of the primary male (androgen) hormone—secreted by the testicles in men and the ovaries in women—circulating in the blood.
Purpose: To diagnose infertility, erectile dysfunction, and loss of libido in men; and hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women.
TRANSFERRIN
Description: It is the primary protein produced by the liver that transports iron molecules in the bloodstream to cells (particularly the bone marrow).
Purpose: This test is ordered to diagnose iron-deficiency anemia and to assess the body’s iron-binding capacity.
TROPONIN T (High-Sensitivity)
Description: This is a highly sensitive measurement of a protein found exclusively in heart muscle cells that is immediately released into the bloodstream upon even the slightest damage to the heart (oxygen deprivation).
Objective: To diagnose a heart attack (myocardial infarction) as quickly and accurately as possible in patients presenting with chest pain.
TSH
Explanation: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain and signals the thyroid gland to "start working."
Purpose: This is the first test performed to screen for thyroid disorders (goiter, Hashimoto’s disease, hyperthyroidism) and to adjust the dosage of thyroid medications.
Immunology and Serology Tests
TETANUS IMMUNITY SCREENING
Description: This test measures the level of protective antibodies (IgG) produced by the body against the toxin produced by the tetanus bacterium.
Purpose: To determine whether the patient is immune to tetanus and to assess the need for a booster dose.
Thyroglobulin Antibody
Description: This test detects the presence of autoantibodies (anti-Tg) that cause the immune system to mistakenly identify the thyroglobulin protein in the thyroid gland as a foreign substance and attack it.
Purpose: It is used in the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and other autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody
Description: This is the blood level of the destructive autoantibody (anti-TPO) produced by the body against the peroxidase enzyme involved in thyroid hormone production.
Purpose: It is the definitive and most sensitive diagnostic method for "Hashimoto's disease," which causes permanent hypothyroidism.
TOXOPLASMA IgG AVIDITY TEST
Description: This is a specific test that determines the timing of the infection by measuring how tightly Toxoplasma antibodies detected in the blood bind to the parasite (their avidity).
Purpose: To definitively determine whether an infection detected in a pregnant woman occurred before pregnancy (safe) or during pregnancy (risky for the baby).
Toxo IgG
Description: This is an antibody that provides lifelong, protective immunity against the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, which is transmitted through raw meat and cat feces.
Purpose: This test is ordered to confirm that a person has been exposed to this parasite in the past and has developed immunity (especially in pregnant women).
Toxo IgM
Description: This antibody is produced immediately after the Toxoplasma parasite enters the body and indicates an active/acute infection.
Purpose: To determine whether the patient currently has an active toxoplasmosis infection and to assess the risk of transmission to the baby.
TSH RECEPTOR ANTIBODY
Explanation: This is an autoantibody (TRAb) produced by the immune system against the TSH receptors in the thyroid gland, which forces the gland to remain constantly active.
Purpose: To establish a definitive diagnosis of "Graves' disease," the most common cause of toxic goiter, and to monitor the success of treatment.
TSH Receptor Antibody
Description: This is a panel for measuring the autoimmune TRAb antibody that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce excessive hormones.
Purpose: Used to confirm the diagnosis of Graves' disease (hyperthyroidism) accompanied by protrusion of the eyes (exophthalmos).
Hematology and Coagulation Tests
Complete Blood Count
Description: This is a basic hematology (complete blood count) test that measures the number and characteristics of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.
Purpose: It is the most routine general health assessment used to screen for conditions such as anemia, infections, bleeding disorders, and leukemia.
Genetic, Molecular, and Oncology Analyses
Tiyopurine Pharmacogenetic Test (TPMT)
Description: This test screens for mutations in the TPMT gene, which breaks down immunosuppressive drugs (thiopurines) used to treat rheumatological conditions, leukemia, or intestinal diseases.
Purpose: To genetically determine in advance whether a patient will experience life-threatening bone marrow suppression (toxicity) from these medications.
T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease Panel
Description: This is a hematological genetic test that examines the processes of neoplasia (abnormal proliferation) occurring in the T cells of the immune system using specific surface markers.
Purpose: To definitively diagnose rare blood cancers, such as T-cell leukemia and T-cell lymphoma, and to identify their subtypes.
TP53 Series Analysis
Description: This involves sequencing the TP53 gene—which acts as the "guardian of the genome" in the human body and prevents tumor formation—to identify disease-causing mutations.
Objective: To determine the genetic profile of cancer cells, diagnose Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and assess the likelihood of chemotherapy resistance.
TRANSLOCATION (9;22)(q34;q11.2) (FISH)
Description: This is a genetic test that detects an abnormal exchange of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22 (the Philadelphia chromosome) within cells using fluorescent probes (FISH method).
Purpose: To diagnose chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at the cellular level and to confirm the chromosomal abnormality.
TRANSLOCATION (9;22)(q34;q11.2) (PCR)
Description: This test uses the DNA amplification (PCR) method to detect the BCR-ABL fusion gene associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, even in very low quantities.
Objective: To monitor the response to "smart drug" therapy in patients with KML at the microscopic level and to determine whether any residual cancer remains.
Six-Panel Thrombophilia Panel
Description: This test screens for the 6 most common genetic mutations that cause blood clotting (Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin, MTHFR, etc.) in a blood sample by analyzing DNA.
Purpose: To evaluate individuals who have experienced vascular occlusion at a young age, those who have had a blood clot in their lung, or those who have experienced recurrent pregnancy loss (miscarriage) from a genetic perspective.
Microbiology, Virology, and Infection PCR Tests
ARB + TBC CULTURE WITH TEXTURE, Tissue
Description: This involves examining a tissue sample obtained through biopsy or surgery under a microscope using special stains to detect the tuberculosis (TB) bacterium and culturing it on nutrient media.
Purpose: To establish a definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis infection that has spread to extrapulmonary organs (lymph nodes, bones, etc.).
Toxoplasma PCR, CSF
Description: This test involves the detection of genetic DNA from the Toxoplasma parasite in a sample taken from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using the PCR method.
Objective: To diagnose fatal "Toxoplasma Encephalitis" involving the brain in immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, cancer).
Toxoplasma PCR, EDTA-Containing Plasma
Description: This is an advanced test that checks whether DNA sequences belonging to the Toxoplasma parasite are present in the patient’s direct blood sample (plasma).
Purpose: To confirm the presence of active parasites in the blood in patients with inconclusive antibody test results or whose immune systems are unable to mount a response.
TOXOPLASMA PCR (Prenatal Diagnosis)
Description: This is a procedure to detect Toxoplasma DNA in a sample of amniotic fluid obtained through amniocentesis (fluid extraction) during pregnancy.
Purpose: To determine whether an infection in the mother has been transmitted to the fetus (congenital infection) and to guide the course of medical treatment.
Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM)
TACROLIMUS Whole blood
Description: This test measures the concentration in the blood of the medication used to suppress the immune system and prevent organ rejection following an organ transplant (kidney, liver, etc.).
Purpose: To ensure that an adequate dose is administered to protect the transplanted organ and to prevent excessively high doses that could cause toxic effects in the kidneys.